Uncategorized 06:04
KINA SADHAI DRINK LAI GHAJAL MA THAU DINE
KINA SADHAI DRINK LAI HIRDAYA MA NAU DINE
MANCHHE HO AAKHIR MA MISTAKE TA BHAIHALCHHA
KINA SADHAI DRINK LAI BISWAS KO GAU DINE
SANSAR KO CHAKRA NAI HO HAR JEET TA BHAIHALCHHA
KINA SADHAI DRINK LAI MUTU KO TYO GHAU DINE
KE CHHA KHAI NASA MA TYO PIDA LAI LUKAUNE?
KINA SADHAI DRINK LAI NACHAHIDO BHAU DINE
Uncategorized 06:04
Slide1
Does greater species diversity lead to greater stability in ecosystems?
Viewpoint: Yes, greater species diversity does lead to greater stability in ecosystems.
Viewpoint: No, ecosystem stability may provide a foundation upon which diversity can thrive, but increased species diversity does not confer ecosystem stability.
Slide 2
Does greater species diversity lead to greater stability in ecosystems?
Conclusions
the question of what makes system stable remains largely unanswered
Doak et al (1998) Diversity correlated with stability of biomass simply due to emergent statistical properties. The relationship would arise even in the absence of any ecological relationships due to the probablistic outcomes of “averaging” the independent biomass fluctuations of numerous species
Slide 3
Does greater species diversity lead to greater stability in ecosystems?
Conclusions
The Current Thinking: Controversy is not over, but most lean toward this:
• Diversity gives rise to stability (dynamic) BUT diversity is not the driving force of the relationship
• The cause is the increased ability of more diverse communities to exhibit differential responses to change
• communities are structured by weak interactions, which prevents large
fluctuations in the face of perturbation. As # spp decreases, the average interaction strength increases, and the probability of de-stabilization increases..
slide 4
Does greater species diversity lead to greater stability in ecosystems?
Conclusions
1. Diversity enhances community stability and decreases stability of populations of individual species (supports May’s (1973) model results).
2. Diversity had stronger effect on RESISTANCE than on RESILIENCE
3. Why the diversity-stability relationship?
a) species vary in their resistance to perturbation
b) species compete for resources – when one declines due to perturbation another compensates by increasing (competitive release)
slide 5
Biotic Succession
tEcological succession
predicable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community
Succession may be initiated either by formation of new, unoccupied habitat (e.g., a lava flow or a severe landslide) or by some form of disturbance (e.g. fire, severe windthrow, logging) of an existing community
Slide6
primary succession
process that begins in areas where no soil is initially present
secondary succession
process that begins in areas where soil is already present
slide 7
Natural vegetation of a particular location evolves in a sequence of steps involving different plant communities.
The evolutionary process is known as plant succession.
Plant succession usually begins with a fairly simple community known as a pioneer community.
Slide 8
About mount st Helen
Mount St. Helens the day before the 1980 eruption, which removed much of the northern face of the mountain, leaving a large crater
sLide 9
The entire process of succession is given as follows:
1.Nudation: It can be defined as the development of bare area without any form of life. Under this we have:
Topographic
Climatic
Biotic
2. Invasion: Successful establishment of species in a bare area. Under it we have:
Migration (dispersal)
Ecesis (establishment)
Aggregation (colonization)
3. Competition and coaction.
4. Reaction stabilization.
Slide 10
Types Of Succession
Based on the different criteria ecological succession may be of the following types:
1. Primary Succession: If an area in any of the basic environments is colonized by organisms for the first time, the succession is called Primary Succession.
2. Secondary Succession: If an area under colonization is cleared by whatsoever agency of the previous plants it is called Secondary Succession.
3. Autogenic Succession: After the succession has begun in most of the cases, it is the community itself which as a result of its reactions with the environments, modifies its own environment and thus causing its own replacement by new communities. This course of succession is known as Autogenic Succession. (drying up of a pond)
Slide 11
Types Of Succession
4. Allogenic Succession: in some cases replacement of one community by another is largely due to forces other than the effects of communities on the environment. This is called Allogenic succession and it may occur in a highly disturbed or eroded area, or in ponds where nutrients and pollutants enter from outside and modify the environment and in turn the communities.
5. Autotrophic Succession: It is characterized by the early and continued dominance of autotrophic organisms like green plants. It begins in a predominantly inorganic environment and the energy flow is maintained indefinitely. There is a gradual increase in organic matter content supported by the energy flow. (eutrophication)
6. Heterotrophic Succession: It is characterized by the early dominance of heterotrophs, such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and animals. It begins in a predominantly organic environment and there is a progressive decline in the energy content.
Slide 12
7. Retrogressive Succession: It means a return to simpler and less dense or even impoverished form of community from an advanced or climax community. In most cases the causes are Allogenic.
8. Induced Succession: Activities such as overgrazing, frequent scraping, shifting cultivation or industrial pollution may cause deterioration of an ecosystem. Agricultural practices are retrogression of a stable to a young state of man’s deliberate action.
9. Cyclic Succession: It is of local occurrence within a large community. Here cyclic refers to repeated occurrence of certain stages of succession whenever there is an open condition created within a large community.
Slide 13
The Major Points:
1. The species living in a particular place gradually change over time as does the physical and chemical environment within that area.
2. Succession takes place because through the processes of living, growing and reproducing, organisms interact with and affect the environment within an area, gradually changing it.
Each species is adapted to thrive and compete best against other species under a very specific set of environmental conditions. If these conditions change, then the existing species will be outcompeted by a different set of species which are better adapted to the new conditions
Slide 14
4. The most often quoted examples of succession deal with plant succession. It is worth remembering that as plant communities change, so will the associated micro-organism, fungus and animal species. Succession involves the whole community, not just the plants.
5. Change in the plant species present in an area is one of the driving forces behind changes in animal species. This is because each plant species will have associated animal species which feed on it. The presence of these herbivore species will then dictate which particular carnivores are present.
The structure or ‘architecture’ of the plant communities will also influence the animal species which can live in the microhabitats provided by the plants.
Slide 15
The Major Points:
7. Changes in plant species also alter the fungal species present because many fungi are associated with particular plants.
8. Succession is directional. Different stages in a particular habitat succession can usually be accurately predicted.
9. These stages, characterised by the presence of different communities, are known as seral stages.
Slide 16
10. Communities change gradually from one seral stage to another. The stages are not totally distinct from each other and one will tend to merge gradually into another, finally ending up with a ‘climax’ community.
11. Succession will not go any further than the climax community. This is the final stage.
This does not however, imply that there will be no further change. When large organisms in the climax community, such as trees, die and fall down, then new openings are created in which secondary succession will occur.
12. Many thousands of different species might be involved in the community changes taking place over the course of a succession. For example, in the succession from freshwater to climax woodland.
Uncategorized 06:04
म रमाउन चाहन्थे, उनीहरु कमाउन। समयको परिबन्दमा म फँसेको थिए, बडेमानको कुर्सीमा उनीहरु बसेका थिए। म अनभिज्ञ थिएँ उनीहरुलाई ज्ञान रहेछ। मेरो व्यथा, पीरमर्कामा डलर फल्दो रहेछ। म आगो हुँदा उनीहरु पानी भए, मैले दुःख पाउदा उनीहरु दानी भए। र पनि मलाई अत्यास लाग्यो। गाउँको कुनामा छि छि, च.च. र हाइ हाईको पात्र अनि सहरको कन्टेनरमा गरेको सत्र। अझ कताको यो गगनचुम्बी महल, मुसा चल्ला दरवार भनेको त सुनेथेँ तर यथार्थ मैमा आइपर्यो। हिनताबोध भयो त्यसैले त कुर्कुच्चा ठोकें। लाग्यो कुकुरलाई घिउ पच्दैन भनेको यही हो। रातभर सोचेँ, केवल सोचेँमात्र। के थाहा भोलि घुम्ने मेचमा पो बस्न पाइन्छ कि। बाबाले नमर्दै भन्नुहुन्थ्यो छोरा ठूलो भएर कहिले पढ्ला र हाकिम होला। झल्याँस्स भएँ म, उठ् नरे। यही हो बाबाको सपना पूरा गर्ने उत्तम क्षण। लाग्यो हो पनि। पढ्न पाए हाकिम होइन्छ अनि सबैले मान्छन्। यसो त आमाले पनि कोसिस नगरेकी होइनन् मलाई पढाउन, दोष त जवानी कै हो। आमालाई टौघाटका लर्के जवानले उडाएपछि मेरो पढाइले बिट मार्यो। आफन्तमा अट्न नसके कारण म कन्टेनरमा लहरिएँ। मौकाले साँच्चै ढोकैमा ढक्ढक् गर्दोरहेछ। म सिल्ली। ढोकामा किन चुकुल लगाएँ। कता कता फर्कूँ फर्कूँ लाग्यो। समाजको सपनालाई मूर्ख रुप दिन फर्कें।
मेरो आँसूको मोल रहेछ, तौले, मोले अनि गए। ओजन कै भएन नहोला, भरिदिएछ डलरले झोला। म पढ्न चाहन्थे लड्न वा सड्न होइन्। समाज बुझ्ने अवसर खोज्थें अनि भावना केलाउन। न मैले कसैलाई अब हृदयबाट बा भनेर बोलाउन पाउँछु न त आमा भनेर नै। बोलाउनु छ त सुन्दर सपनाको कल्पना, बाहेक यथार्थ मलाई अब असम्भव छ। त्यही रिस पोख्न चाहन्थे म किताब र कलमलाई। कुनै पनि पाना मेरो लागि बिरानो नबनोस्, कलमले मसीको पूर्णाताको ख्याल कहिल्यै नपाओस्। केही नपाए म कोर्छु, सुन्दर सपना कोर्छु, भविष्य कोर्छु, समाज कोर्छु अनि कोर्छु खानाका कालहरु, राक्षसका आँखा कोछु अनि कोर्छु कलमकै सहायताले तरकर चलि नै रहनुपर्छ, चलि नै रहनुपर्छ। हो, यस्तै यस्तै त हुन्थे मेल कसैको त भएर बाँच्न कठिन हुनेकुरा बुझन थालेथे। विकासको सुन्दर गोरेटोमा सृजनाको कोमल पाइला कति सुन्दर अनि हृदयस्पर्शी। हो, म यही सपना बुन्न जुनको सहायता लिने गर्न थालेथे। मलाई के थाहा, मेरो मन उम्लदा उनीहरुको भाडो तात्दो रहेछ। मैले बुझ्ने भएर फाइदा त मलाई होला तर तिनीहरुले सुकुल ओड्न पर्ने पनि रहेछ। पोको भएर आउँदो रहेछ, फोको भएर जाँदोरहेछ। म उत्तम हुन चाहन्थे उनीहरु खुट्टा समात्न तम्सिए। म चट्याङ चड्काउन खोज्थे , उनीहरु मेरो सपना भत्काउन खोज्थे। कसैको कारणा म बाचिदिनाले मेरो कारणा धेरै बाचेका रहेछन्। म कन्दोरबाट माथि उठ्दा उनीहरुले सगरमाथा छुन खोज्दा रहेछन्। मेरो हैन मैले सेवा गर्दोरहेछु। त्यसैले त होला हो, मलाई तिनीहरुले सिंगामरमरको पातल अनि झिलिमिली आकाशमा लगे। एउटा सुन्दर स्वर्ग, नजिकै पातल टेक्दै शिरमाथीको आकाश छौं छौं लाग्ने कस्तो मनोरम कस्तो माधूर्यता अनि प्रखर औडा गर्मीमा शितलपन, छालामा काडा नै उम्रने। मलाई त्यस्तो सौखिन अलौकिक स्वर्गमा लगे। लामखुट्टेलाई म अक्क न बक्क परेथे, हो अक्क न बक्क।
सपनीमा झल्याँस्स भएर यथार्थ केलाउन थाले झै लाग्यो मलाई। रुख चढाएर फेदमा किन बन्चरी? काटिपनि हाल्दैनन्, बन्चरो हटाउँदा पनि हटाउदैनन्। मलाई ओर्लन आत्माले गाली गर्छ माथि चढ्न स्वाभिमानले बाटो छेक्छ। खूवाउनु नै आखिर छ, थियो भने क्षणिक या भनौ कृत्रिम हाँसोको प्रपञ्च किन? रुखको टूप्पामा फल छ, हो त्यही फल टिप्न म चाहन्छु। तर विवशता, न फेदमा रहेर लाटाले केरा हेरेझै फललाई हेरिरहन नै पाए न त जोश, जाँगर, हौसला अनि उत्साहको खिचडीमा फल मिसाउन पाए म त आखिर खोरन्डो पो भएछु । बसेथें, उठ् भने। विस्तारै उठ्दै दुइवटै खुट्टा टेक्दै थिए एउटामा सधैं प्रहार। कहिल्यै गतिलोसंग उभिन नपाइने झै पो लाग्यो मलाई। एक मन लाग्यो यही हो बाबाआमाको अभाव। सिंगमरमरको स्वर्गीय आनन्द पाए पनि सक्षमता पाइन, यदि बाबाआमाको काखमा हुँदो हुँ त झोपडिमा भएपनि इच्छाशक्तिले हाँस्न पाउथें, थोरै भएपनि सक्षमताको आखिझयाल नियाल्न पाउथें। मलाई दुःख लाग्छ मेरा कोही छैनन्। तलको हाइहाइमा रुख चढें।
माथिकाले उज्जल नक्षत्र देखाउदै हात थामिदिए। अर्धभागको यात्रा नै धौ धौ लाग्यो। तलकाले भविष्य देखेका छन् माथिकाले पनि। मेरो सफलता तलका लागि सुन्दर समाज निर्माणा गर्ने उर्जा हो भने मा निमित्त करतुत र यर्थाथको बाकसको चाबी। चढें खोल्ला भन्ने र नउडला भन्ने डर त्यसैले न हो मेरो अवस्था जहिल्यै पचास जहित साठी। सत्तरी कट्न पाउदैन , तीसमा कहिल्यै आउँदैन।
सरकारले म बस्ने महलको अनुगमन गर्छ रे, थैली हेर्छ रे बाकस रे। हो र खै मलाई त पत्तो छैन्। सरकारपट्टीको भनेर एक एकजना चप्पल प्याट प्याट बजाउदै आएको थियो जादा बाइक चढेर अर्को वर्ष त्यही बाइकमा हाँस्दै आयो, हाम्रो समेत भागको पुलाउ खायो अनि कार चढेर उता लाग्यो। अब के को पालो हो, कस्को पात हो। म त उसैलाई कुर्दै बस्छु। दान पनि पाइने मान पनि पाइने अनि शान पनि पाइने। सबैले नमस्ते गरिहाल्छन्, पोल्टामा पुरस्कार वेरी एकवारको जुनीमा समाजसेवा पनि गरेस् है छोरा भनेर हजुरवुवाले त भन्नुभएको थियो, बाबाले खै के गर्नुभयो तर म चाहि अब अब समाजसेवा गरेरै छाड्छु। सडकका बालबालिका गन्दिन्छु, यति छन उती छन् भन्दिन्छु। लेखेकै भरमा महल भैहाल्छ, उ आउदै आउदैन पनि दुइ चार दिनमै गइहाल्छ। भाइ मास्टर बन्छ, भिनाजु अकाउन्ट लेखापाल, पत्रिकामा आवश्यक्ता छाप्दै आफन्तलाई राखिदिन्छु मलाई कल अब गर्छु डलरको सहायताले समाजको कमाल उस्तै परे मोडलिङको बोलाइदिम्ला राजेश हमाल। कसो, मेरो समाजसेवाले गोरखा बाहु नपाउने सम्भावना अब कतै रहला र?
एउटी राम्री थिइ, ऊ हाम्री थिइ। बाबा भैदिएको भए बुहारी सम्बोधन गर्नुहुन्थ्यो होला, आमाले पनि। भाइले भाउजू भन्छ, विश्वास त मलाई हिजो पनि थियो। उनको मुखबाट मेरी भन्दै मेरी बहिनीको परिचय दिँदा मलाई गर्व लाग्थ्यो तर सबै कति निष्ठूर रहेछ लहैलहैमा खुट्टा कमाउने भएछ त्यसैले त हो अरे, होरेसँग पोइला गएछ। धिक्कार छ। आफैंले आफैंलाई पिटें। मेरो लक्ष्य त्यागें झै लाग्यो। मैले त अनाथालय खोल्नु छ, वृद्धाश्रम खोल्नु छ, एड्स पीडितलाई पुनर्स्थापन केन्द्र खोल्नु छ, वृत्तचित्र बनाउनु छ अनि, अनि पुरस्कार पाउनु छ। थाल नरे थाल। अब आफैं एक अनाथ, गणाना आफैबाट सुरुवात गर्दा कसो होला। एउटा कोठामा बसिरहेकैं छु, केहि दान नपाउन्जेल त्यसैलाई आश्रम ले चिन्नुपर्ला, दान आउछ तय स्वर्गिय महान किन्नुपर्ला। कसो प्रभु? सह पाउँछु नि। म पनि तपाईकै सन्तान हुँ कमाउन मन छ, कारणा हयाणडल समाउन मन छ, गोरखा दक्षिणा वाहुमा रमाउन मन छ। चाँडै सपना साकार वेस्। कोही छौं कहि भने आउ है, दिने धेरै आओ, लिने थोरै आओ, क्षणामै जाओ। कमाउने आओ, रमाउने आओ, हसाउने आओ , रुवाउने आओ। जो जो छौ जहातहा एकाएक आओ मैले गणाना थालिसके। तिमी आउदै गर, नाम टिपाउदै गर जति नम्बरमा पर्छ त्यसै अनुसार पेट भर। म चाहि समाजसेवी अनि अनाथ पनि। त्यसैले त म भए अनाथ नं. १, अनाथ नं.को क्रमविस्तार गर्दै गर्नुहोस।
Uncategorized 06:04
Load shedding refers to the deliberate shutdown of electric power in a part or parts of a power-distribution system, generally to prevent overloading. It is the failure of the entire system when the demand strains the capacity of the system. Cutting off the electric current for certain period is also known as load shedding. On certain lines load shedding occurs when the demand becomes greater than the supply. It is the act or practice of temporarily reducing the load shedding also known as power outage is a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area. It is a procedure in which parts of an electric power system are disconnected in an attempt to prevent failure of the entire system due to overloading.
There are various causes of load shedding. It caused by insufficient available resources to meet prevailing demand for electricity. Load shedding, is an intentionally-engineered electrical power outage. They are usually in response to a situation where the demand for electricity exceeds the power supply capability of the network. Load shedding generally result from two causes: insufficient generation capacity or inadequate transmission infrastructure to deliver sufficient power to the area where it is needed. Kathmandu, faced with an influx of rural migrants and rising energy demands, faces load-shedding even during the monsoon when the rains fill the water reservoirs where electricity is generated. During the dry winter months, electricity was cut up to sixteen hours per day, leading to disruption of the economy. In the rest of the country, electrification has occurred patchily, although in some small villages a small hydropower project set up locally may function more reliably than the power supply of the capital city. Examples of these causes include, faults at power stations, damage to power lines, substations or other parts of the distribution system, a short circuit, or the overloading of electricity mains.
Load shedding is miserably destroying the life of people. Moreover, students are badly affected by this. The career of students is in dark but government isn’t paying serious attention to this sector. Neither the concerned departments are showing interest on this matter.
(About the writer: Samikshya Neupane is a Development studies student studying at National College. She is very interested in writing about the current happening around her. Her articles are far away from the politics.)
Uncategorized 06:04
• We cannot make someone love us. All we can do is be someone who can be loved. The rest is up to them.
• No matter how much we care, some people just don’t care back.
• It takes years to build up trust, and only seconds to destroy it.
• It’s not what we have in our life, but who we have in your life that counts.
• We shouldn’t compare our self to the best others can do, but to the best we can do.
Uncategorized 06:04
Lalitpur
Lalitpur, the city of fine arts lies across the Bagmati river south of the central Kathmandu valley. This city is commonly known as Yala or Patan.
The legend of the formation of this city is described in many ways. On of the most prominent legend is that there was once an ugly grass cutter who visited Mani Jogini in the valley to sell grass. One day, while he was cutting grass he felt extremely thirsty and went in search of water. He looked everywhere but could not find a single drop to drink. Finally, he found a tank and bathed and drank from it. When he came out of the water he had been transformed into a hansome man. He went to the city to sell his grass and there the king saw him. The king was surprised at his sudden transformation and named him Lalit, which means “beautiful”. The king thought to build a memorial on the spot where the miracle took place. However, he could not find a suitable name for it. Later a voice in a dream advised him to call it Lalit Patan and asked him to build a city around it. The next morning the king sent Lalit across the Bagmati River with a vast sum of money and ordered him to build a city named Lalitpur.
According to a very old Kirat chronicle, Prem Bahadur subba in his research says Patan was founded by Kirati rulers. According to him the earliest known capital was most possibly shifted from Thankot to Patan after the Kirati King Yalamber came into power sometime around second century A.D.Hence, it is said that King Yalamber named this city after himself as Yala.
At present the city is divided into 22 municipal wards and is inhabited by almost 2 Lakhs people. An active population of the city is engaged in various trades, specially in traditional handicrafts and cottage industries. Lalitpur is only town in entire Nepal that has poduced the higest number of most talented artists and finest craftsmen ever recorded in Nepalese art history. The most famous artists like Arniko , Abhay Raj and Siddhi Raj were all born here.
(About the author: Niroj Maharjan is a Development studies student studing at National College. He is very interested in the ancient cultures and heritages. The information mentioned in his articles are mostly based on the myth but this does not mean that they are friction.)
Uncategorized 06:04
Nepal vows to fight threats posed by climate change after concluding historic high-altitude meet
The historic cabinet meeting at Kalapatthar plateau near Everest Base Camp (5,242 meters) in the foothills of Mt Everest has concluded by issuing a 10-point “Everest declaration” which calls for concerted actions to minimize adverse effects of climate change in the Himalayan region.
Informing about the decision of the cabinet meeting at a press meet organized in Syangboche (3,780 m) after returning from Kalapatthar, Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal said that through the Everest declaration Nepal wants to express its commitment to fight the threats posed by global climate change and show areas of cooperation to follow for this noble purpose.
The meeting held for around 20 minutes also declared Banke National Park as new national park and Api-Nampa and Gauri-Shankar as conservation areas.
In the 10-point declaration, Nepal has expressed commitment to work together with the international community to mitigate the threats of climate change to the entire human civilization including the world’s fragile bio-diversity, heritages and for sustainable socio-economic and cultural development of mankind.
He said the Himalayan region which boasts of Mt Everest, the world’s tallest peak, including the majestic 2,700 kilometer-long mountain range, has a special significance for the socio-economic and cultural development of 1.3 billion people living in the region including maintaining the global environmental balance.
“But the world-wide climate change patterns of recent years has started to negatively affect the Himalayas and the people living in this region, their socio-economic development, biological diversity and other sectors, ” he said, adding that as a result of which the risks of floods, landslides, glacier outbursts, drought, deforestation and other natural calamities have greatly increased.
He said the adverse effects of climate change is not only being seen in the areas near to Himalayan region, but in the whole of South Asia including the ecology of the whole world.
“Due to global climate change and its effects, the entire human civilization is faced with additional challenges for their survival,” PM Nepal claimed.
PM Nepal said that Government of Nepal has from the past many decades been expressing bilateral and multilateral commitments for sustainable development and environmental protection knowing that conserving and protecting planet Earth, our shared home, is not only in the interest of us but our future generations too.
Twenty-four cabinet ministers, including PM Nepal, had flown to Kalapatthar at 9:20 am on Friday to hold the historic cabinet meeting set in the backdrop of the majestic Himalayas, including Mt. Everest, the world’s highest mountain.
A rescue team led by Usha Gurung along with six doctors and a team of mountaineers accompanied the ministerial team for this historic event.
Speaking to media-persons before the ministerial team was air-lifted to Kalapathhar, Minister for Forest and Soil Conservation Dipak Bohora had said that the government is holding the cabinet meeting to draw the attention of the world to the threats of climate change in the Himalayas and the people living in the region.
State-owned Nepal Television broadcast the special event live from Syangboche.
The ministerial team had reached Lukla Airport in Solukhumbu district on Thursday to take part in the historic meeting. -nepalnews.com
Uncategorized 06:04
The 22nd World AIDS Day is being observed in Nepal along with many other countries in the world by organising various programmes on the theme “Universal Access and Human Rights”, Tuesday.
First observed on December 1, 1988, the World AIDS Day is being observed every year on the same day since then.
Issuing a message on the occasion of the World AIDS Day, Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal urged all stake holders to launch extensive awareness programmes to control HIV from spreading further.
PM Nepal said in his statement, the chances of spreading HIV in Nepal is high as many of the infected persons are unaware as they have not gone through blood tests due to poverty and lack of awareness.
Although, government statistics shows the number of HIV infected in Nepal only at about 15000, organisations working in this sector have say as many as 70,000 persons could have contracted HIV.
On the eve of World AIDS Day Monday evening, Maiti Nepal, an organisation working against women and children trafficking, organised a candle light prayer meeting in memory of those killed due to AIDS in Kathmandu. -nepalnews.com
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